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Evaluating R&D efficiency of China’s listed lithium battery enterprises

《工程管理前沿（英文）》   页码 473-485 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0213-5

摘要： Promoting the growth of the lithium battery sector has been a critical aspect of China’s energy policy in terms of achieving carbon neutrality. However, despite significant support on research and development (R&D) investments that have resulted in increasing size, the sector seems to be falling behind in technological areas. To guide future policies and understand proper ways of promoting R&D efficiency, we looked into the lithium battery industry of China. Specifically, data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used as the primary approach based on evidence from 22 listed lithium battery enterprises. The performance of the five leading players was compared with that of the industry as a whole. Results revealed little indication of a meaningful improvement in R&D efficiency throughout our sample from 2010 to 2019. However, during this period, a significant increase in R&D expenditure was witnessed. This finding was supported, as the results showed that the average technical efficiency of the 22 enterprises was 0.442, whereas the average pure technical efficiency was at 0.503, thus suggesting that they were suffering from decreasing returns to scale (DRS). In contrast, the performance of the five leading players seemed superior because their average efficiency scores were higher than the industry’s average. Moreover, they were experiencing increasing scale efficiency (IRS). We draw on these findings to suggest to policymakers that supporting technologically intensive sectors should be more than simply increasing investment scale; rather, it should also encompass assisting businesses in developing efficient managerial processes for R&D.

关键词： Data Envelopment Analysis     R&D investment efficiency     China’s listed lithium battery enterprises     technical efficiency     pure technical efficiency     scale efficiency    

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Lithium-based draw solute for forward osmosis to treat wastewater discharged from lithium-ion battery

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第5期   页码 755-763 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2137-3

摘要： As draw solute is the core element of forward osmosis (FO) technology, here Li-Bet-Tf2N synthesized from a customized ionic liquid betainium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Hbet][Tf2N]) and Li2CO3 recovered from lithium-ion battery (LIB) wastes is proposed as a novel draw solute to treat Li+-containing wastewater from LIB manufacturing through FO filtration. Having high dissociation ability and an extended structure, Li-Bet-Tf2N generates a sufficiently high osmotic pressure to drive the FO filtration efficiently along with insignificant reverse solute diffusion. Li-Bet-Tf2N produces a water flux of 21.3 L·(m2·h)−1 at 1.0 mol∙L–1 against deionized water, surpassing conventional NaCl and MgCl2 draw solutes with a higher water recovery efficiency and a smaller solute loss. Li-Bet-Tf2N induces a more stable and higher water permeation flux with a 10.0% water flux decline than NaCl and MgCl2 for which the water fluxes decline 16.7% and 16.4%, respectively, during the treatment of 2000 mg∙L–1 Li+-containing wastewater for 12 h. More remarkably, unlike other draw solutes which require intensive energy input and complicated processes in recycling, Li-Bet-Tf2N is easily separated from water via solvent extraction. Reproducible results are achieved with the recycled Li-Bet-Tf2N. Li-Bet-Tf2N thus demonstrates a novel class of draw solute with great potentials to treat wastewater economically.

关键词： forward osmosis     lithium-ion battery     draw solution     lithium-containing wastewater     water treatment    

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A comparative study on polypropylene separators coated with different inorganic materials for lithium-ion

Linghui Yu, Jiansong Miao, Yi Jin, Jerry Y.S. Lin

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 346-352 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1648-9

摘要： Coating commercial porous polyolefin separators with inorganic materials can improve the thermal stability of the polyolefin separators and hence improve the safety of lithium-ion batteries. Several different inorganic materials have been studied for the coating. However, there lacks a study on how different inorganic materials affect the properties of separators, in terms of thermal stability and cell performance. Herein, we present such a study on coating a commercial polypropylene separator with four inorganic materials, i.e., Al O , SiO , ZrO and zeolite. All inorganic coatings have improved thermal stability of the separators although with differences. The coating layers add 28%–45% of electrical resistance compared with the pure polypropylene separator, but all the cells prepared with the coated polypropylene separators have the same electrical chemical performance as the uncoated separator in terms of rate capability and capacities at different temperatures.

关键词： lithium-ion battery     battery safety     composite separator     porosity     tortuosity    

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我国锂及其下游动力电池产业链发展探讨

邢佳韵,陈其慎,张艳飞,于汶加,龙涛,郑国栋,王琨

《中国工程科学》 2022年 第24卷 第3期   页码 10-19 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.03.002

摘要：

锂及其下游动力电池产业链的高质量发展，对支撑我国经济转型升级、保障战略性新兴产业平稳发展起到关键作用。本文梳理了锂及其下游动力电池产业链的构成，涵盖资源端、冶炼加工端、关键材料与产品端、循环利用端四部分，据此阐述了相关产业链高质量发展的必要性及其基本状况。研究发现，受自然、生态等约束，国内锂矿扩产受到限制；国际性的资源争夺导致我国海外进口风险剧增；正极材料、电解液等核心专利处于被国外公司垄断局面；关键材料与电池技术相比国际先进水平存在一定差距，新兴技术方向的积累薄弱；废旧动力电池资源二次回收体系不完备，产业秩序有待规范。着眼锂及其下游动力电池产业链的高质量发展，论证了2025 年、2035 年的阶段发展目标，提出了采取多维度构建安全稳定的资源供应体系、攻关关键材料和电池新技术并强化锂电技术体系及人才储备、围绕关键材料与产品实施创新以带动产业链各环节协同发展的建设路径。研究建议，注重顶层设计的完备性，形成全产业链一体化管理模式；合理加大资金支持力度，促进基础研究与应用研究水平互促提升；鼓励上、下游环节的企业开展合作，增强产业链协同效应；强化“产学研”合作，培育产业链复合型科技人才。

关键词： 锂；动力电池；产业链；高质量发展    

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Localized high-concentration electrolytes for lithium metal batteries: progress and prospect

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期   页码 1354-1371 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2286-4

摘要： With the increasing development of digital devices and electric vehicles, high energy-density rechargeable batteries are strongly required. As one of the most promising anode materials with an ultrahigh specific capacity and extremely low electrode potential, lithium metal is greatly considered an ideal candidate for next-generation battery systems. Nevertheless, limited Coulombic efficiency and potential safety risks severely hinder the practical applications of lithium metal batteries due to the inevitable growth of lithium dendrites and poor interface stability. Tremendous efforts have been explored to address these challenges, mainly focusing on the design of novel electrolytes. Here, we provide an overview of the recent developments of localized high-concentration electrolytes in lithium metal batteries. Firstly, the solvation structures and physicochemical properties of localized high-concentration electrolytes are analyzed. Then, the developments of localized high-concentration electrolytes to suppress the formation of dendritic lithium, broaden the voltage window of electrolytes, enhance safety, and render low-temperature operation for robust lithium metal batteries are discussed. Lastly, the remaining challenges and further possible research directions for localized high-concentration electrolytes are outlined, which can promisingly render the practical applications of lithium metal batteries.

关键词： high-concentration electrolyte     localized high-concentration electrolyte     lithium metal battery     solid electrolyte interphase     dendrite    

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Modeling and optimization of an enhanced battery thermal management system in electric vehicles

Mao LI, Yuanzhi LIU, Xiaobang WANG, Jie ZHANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第14卷 第1期   页码 65-75 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0520-z

摘要： This paper models and optimizes an air-based battery thermal management system (BTMS) in a battery module with 36 battery lithium-ion cells. A design of experiments is performed to study the effects of three key parameters (i.e., mass flow rate of cooling air, heat flux from the battery cell to the cooling air, and passage spacing size) on the battery thermal performance. Three metrics are used to evaluate the BTMS thermal performance, including (i) the maximum temperature in the battery module, (ii) the temperature uniformity in the battery module, and (iii) the pressure drop. It is found that (i) increasing the total mass flow rate may result in a more non-uniform distribution of the passage mass flow rate among passages, and (ii) a large passage spacing size may worsen the temperature uniformity on the battery walls. Optimization is also performed to optimize the passage spacing size. Results show that the maximum temperature difference of the cooling air in passages is reduced from 23.9 to 2.1 K by 91.2%, and the maximum temperature difference among the battery cells is reduced from 25.7 to 6.4 K by 75.1%.

关键词： thermal management     electric vehicle     lithium-ion battery     temperature uniformity     design optimization    

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中国铁路企业国际竞争力评价研究

李京文,李富强,万相昱

《中国工程科学》 2017年 第19卷 第5期   页码 68-73 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.05.012

摘要：

客观评价中国铁路企业国际竞争力并切实提升中国铁路企业的整体实力和国际竞争力，是实施中国铁路“走出去”发展战略的根本保证和重要支撑。本文在分析影响中国铁路企业国际竞争力的内外部因素的基础上，根据不同类型的中国铁路企业，综合运用层次分析法、灰色系统分析法等，构建了中国铁路企业国际竞争力评价指标体系，并对铁路建筑施工企业和铁路装备制造企业的国际竞争力进行了综合评价。评价结果显示，中国铁路建筑施工企业在管理能力和技术创新方面，装备制造企业在资产规模、偿债能力和对外开放程度方面，还有较大的上升空间。

关键词： 中国铁路企业     国际竞争力     评价指标体系     评价结果分析     对策建议    

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Preparation of biomass-derived carbon loaded with MnO as lithium-ion battery anode for improving its

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第18卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2376-y

摘要： Biomass-derived carbon materials for lithium-ion batteries emerge as one of the most promising anodes from sustainable perspective. However, improving the reversible capacity and cycling performance remains a long-standing challenge. By combining the benefits of K2CO3 activation and KMnO4 hydrothermal treatment, this work proposes a two-step activation method to load MnO2 charge transfer onto biomass-derived carbon (KAC@MnO2). Comprehensive analysis reveals that KAC@MnO2 has a micro-mesoporous coexistence structure and uniform surface distribution of MnO2, thus providing an improved electrochemical performance. Specifically, KAC@MnO2 exhibits an initial charge-discharge capacity of 847.3/1813.2 mAh·g–1 at 0.2 A·g–1, which is significantly higher than that of direct pyrolysis carbon and K2CO3 activated carbon, respectively. Furthermore, the KAC@MnO2 maintains a reversible capacity of 652.6 mAh·g–1 after 100 cycles. Even at a high current density of 1.0 A·g–1, KAC@MnO2 still exhibits excellent long-term cycling stability and maintains a stable reversible capacity of 306.7 mAh·g–1 after 500 cycles. Compared with reported biochar anode materials, the KAC@MnO2 prepared in this work shows superior reversible capacity and cycling performance. Additionally, the Li+ insertion and de-insertion mechanisms are verified by ex situ X-ray diffraction analysis during the charge-discharge process, helping us better understand the energy storage mechanism of KAC@MnO2.

关键词： biomass-derived carbon     MnO2     lithium-ion batteries     anode material     high reversible capacity    

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anthraquinone-based polyimide enclosed SnO/reduced graphene oxide composite as high-performance anode for lithium-ionbattery

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第9期   页码 1231-1243 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2306-z

摘要： The cycling stability of SnO2 anode as lithium-ion battery is poor due to volume expansion. Polyimide coatings can effectively confine the expansion of SnO2. However, linear polyimides are easily dissolved in ester electrolytes and their carbonyls is not fully utilized during charging/discharging process. Herein, the SnO2 enclosed with anthraquinone-based polyimide/reduced graphene oxide composite was prepared by self-assembly. Carbonyls from the anthraquinone unit provide fully available active sites to react with Li+, improving the utilization of carbonyl in the polyimide. More exposed carbonyl active sites promote the conversion of Sn to SnO2 with electrode gradual activation, leading to an increase in reversible capacity during the charge/discharge cycle. In addition, the introduction of reduced graphene oxide cannot only improve the stability of polyimide in the electrolyte, but also build fast ion and electron transport channels for composite electrodes. Due to the multiple effects of anthraquinone-based polyimide and the synergistic effect of reducing graphene oxide, the composite anode exhibits a maximum reversible capacity of 1266 mAh·g−1 at 0.25 A·g−1, and maintains an excellent specific capacity of 983 mAh·g−1 after 200 cycles. This work provides a new strategy for the synergistic modification of SnO2.

关键词： anthraquinone-based polyimide     multi-effect     tin dioxide     reduced graphene oxide     lithium-ion battery    

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Lithium-ion modified cellulose as a water-soluble binder for Li-O battery

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期   页码 502-508 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0750-3

摘要： An environment-friendly, water-soluble, and cellulose based binder (lithium carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC-Li) was successfully synthesized by using Li+ to replace Na+ in the commercial sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na). Li-O2 batteries based on the CMC-Li binder present enhanced discharge specific capacities (11151 mA·h/g at 100 mA/g) and a superior cycling stability (100 cycles at 200 mA/g) compared with those based on the CMC-Na binder. The enhanced performance may originate from the electrochemical stability of the CMC-Li binder and the ion-conductive nature of CMC-Li, which promotes the diffusion of Li+ in the cathode and consequently retards the increase of charge transfer resistance of the cathode during cycling. The results show that the water-soluble CMC-Li binder can be a green substitute for poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) binder based on organic solvent in the lithium oxygen batteries (LOBs).

关键词： cellulose     binder     specific capacity     cyclabi- lity     lithium-oxygen batteries    

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Machine learning and neural network supported state of health simulation and forecasting model for lithium-ionbattery

《能源前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0891-7

摘要： As the intersection of disciplines deepens, the field of battery modeling is increasingly employing various artificial intelligence (AI) approaches to improve the efficiency of battery management and enhance the stability and reliability of battery operation. This paper reviews the value of AI methods in lithium-ion battery health management and in particular analyses the application of machine learning (ML), one of the many branches of AI, to lithium-ion battery state of health (SOH), focusing on the advantages and strengths of neural network (NN) methods in ML for lithium-ion battery SOH simulation and prediction. NN is one of the important branches of ML, in which the application of NNs such as backpropagation NN, convolutional NN, and long short-term memory NN in SOH estimation of lithium-ion batteries has received wide attention. Reports so far have shown that the utilization of NN to model the SOH of lithium-ion batteries has the advantages of high efficiency, low energy consumption, high robustness, and scalable models. In the future, NN can make a greater contribution to lithium-ion battery management by, first, utilizing more field data to play a more practical role in health feature screening and model building, and second, by enhancing the intelligent screening and combination of battery parameters to characterize the actual lithium-ion battery SOH to a greater extent. The in-depth application of NN in lithium-ion battery SOH will certainly further enhance the science, reliability, stability, and robustness of lithium-ion battery management.

关键词： machine learning     lithium-ion battery     state of health     neural network     artificial intelligence    

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电动车锂离子电池的材料问题

陈立泉

《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第11期   页码 32-36

摘要：

简要介绍了我国电动车的开发现状，指出了发展电动车的瓶颈是电池；阐明了锂离子电池对发展电动车的作用，特别强调目前的关键是研发适于电动车的锂离子电池材料；简述了作者的实验室在电动车锂离子电池关键材料研究方面的最新进展。

关键词： 电动车     混合电动车     锂离子电池     电池材料    

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下一代锂电池在能源化学工程方面的研究进展 Review

张学强, 赵辰孜, 黄佳琦, 张强

《工程（英文）》 2018年 第4卷 第6期   页码 831-847 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.10.008

摘要：

锂离子电池（LIB）对当今人们的生活产生了深远的影响。然而由于插层化学本质上的限制，锂离子电池的能量密度已接近理论上限，难以满足人们在多方面日益增长的储能需求，如便携式电子设备、电动汽车和大规模储能。因此，下一代锂（Li）电池正在广泛研究中。其中，采用金属锂作为负极，插层或转化型材料作为正极的下一代锂电池是最受关注的体系，因其具有高能量密度和巨大的商业化潜力。近年来，随着材料和反应机理方面研究的深入以及技术手段的进步，锂电池取得了不断的发展。本文从下一代锂电池的电解液/ 电解质的设计出发，从能源化学工程的角度梳理锂离子电池、锂硫电池和锂空电池中的关键科学问题和研究进展，并阐述下一代锂电池未来的发展方向。下一代锂电池有望促进人类文明的可持续发展。

关键词： 锂离子电池     锂硫电池     锂空电池     锂金属     固态电池     电池化学     电解质    

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Three-dimensional composite Li metal anode by simple mechanical modification for high-energy batteries

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第5期   页码 569-584 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0875-7

摘要： Lithium (Li) metal is believed to be the “Holy Grail” among all anode materials for next-generation Li-based batteries due to its high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh/g) and lowest redox potential (−3.04 V). Disappointingly, uncontrolled dendrite formation and “hostless” deposition impede its further development. It is well accepted that the construction of three-dimensional (3D) composite Li metal anode could tackle the above problems to some extent by reducing local current density and maintaining electrode volume during cycling. However, most strategies to build 3D composite Li metal anode require either electrodeposition or melt-infusion process. In spite of their effectiveness, these procedures bring multiple complex processing steps, high temperature, and harsh experimental conditions which cannot meet the actual production demand in consideration of cost and safety. Under this condition, a novel method to construct 3D composite anode via simple mechanical modification has been recently proposed which does not involve harsh conditions, fussy procedures, or fancy equipment. In this mini review, a systematic and in-depth investigation of this mechanical deformation technique to build 3D composite Li metal anode is provided. First, by summarizing a number of recent studies, different mechanical modification approaches are classified clearly according to their specific procedures. Then, the effect of each individual mechanical modification approach and its working mechanisms is reviewed. Afterwards, the merits and limits of different approaches are compared. Finally, a general summary and perspective on construction strategies for next-generation 3D composite Li anode are presented.

关键词： lithium (Li)-ion battery (LIB)     Li metal battery     three-dimensional (3D) composite Li metal anode     mechanical modification     reducing local current density    

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Preparation and lithium storage performances of g-C

Zhengxu BIAN, Zehua TANG, Jinfeng XIE, Junhao ZHANG, Xingmei GUO, Yuanjun LIU, Aihua YUAN, Feng ZHANG, Qinghong KONG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第4期   页码 759-766 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0810-0

摘要： As the anode material of lithium-ion battery, silicon-based materials have a high theoretical capacity, but their volume changes greatly in the charging and discharging process. To ameliorate the volume expansion issue of silicon-based anode materials, g-C N /Si nanocomposites are prepared by using the magnesium thermal reduction technique. It is well known that g-C N /Si nanocomposites can not only improve the electronic transmission ability, but also ameliorate the physical properties of the material for adapting the stress and strain caused by the volume expansion of silicon in the lithiation and delithiation process. When g-C N /Si electrode is evaluated, the initial discharge capacity of g-C N /Si nanocomposites is as high as 1033.3 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g, and its reversible capacity is maintained at 548 mAh/g after 400 cycles. Meanwhile, the improved rate capability is achieved with a relatively high reversible specific capacity of 218 mAh/g at 2.0 A/g. The superior lithium storage performances benefit from the unique g-C N /Si nanostructure, which improves electroconductivity, reduces volume expansion, and accelerates lithium-ion transmission compared to pure silicon.

关键词： magnesium thermal reduction     g-C3N4/Si nanocomposites     volume expansion     electroconductivity     lithium-ion battery    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Evaluating R&D efficiency of China’s listed lithium battery enterprises

期刊论文

Lithium-based draw solute for forward osmosis to treat wastewater discharged from lithium-ion battery

期刊论文

A comparative study on polypropylene separators coated with different inorganic materials for lithium-ion

Linghui Yu, Jiansong Miao, Yi Jin, Jerry Y.S. Lin

期刊论文

我国锂及其下游动力电池产业链发展探讨

邢佳韵,陈其慎,张艳飞,于汶加,龙涛,郑国栋,王琨

期刊论文

Localized high-concentration electrolytes for lithium metal batteries: progress and prospect

期刊论文

Modeling and optimization of an enhanced battery thermal management system in electric vehicles

Mao LI, Yuanzhi LIU, Xiaobang WANG, Jie ZHANG

期刊论文

中国铁路企业国际竞争力评价研究

李京文,李富强,万相昱

期刊论文

Preparation of biomass-derived carbon loaded with MnO as lithium-ion battery anode for improving its

期刊论文

anthraquinone-based polyimide enclosed SnO/reduced graphene oxide composite as high-performance anode for lithium-ionbattery

期刊论文

Lithium-ion modified cellulose as a water-soluble binder for Li-O battery

期刊论文

Machine learning and neural network supported state of health simulation and forecasting model for lithium-ionbattery

期刊论文

电动车锂离子电池的材料问题

陈立泉

期刊论文

下一代锂电池在能源化学工程方面的研究进展

张学强, 赵辰孜, 黄佳琦, 张强

期刊论文

Three-dimensional composite Li metal anode by simple mechanical modification for high-energy batteries

期刊论文

Preparation and lithium storage performances of g-C

Zhengxu BIAN, Zehua TANG, Jinfeng XIE, Junhao ZHANG, Xingmei GUO, Yuanjun LIU, Aihua YUAN, Feng ZHANG, Qinghong KONG

期刊论文